Top 75 Cypress Interview Questions and Answers (August 2024)

As the demand for efficient web automation testing grows, Cypress has emerged as a powerful tool in the developer’s toolkit. Whether you’re a seasoned tester or a newcomer to the field, being well-versed in Cypress can significantly enhance your career prospects.

This article compiles the most frequently asked Cypress interview questions and provides detailed answers to help you ace your next interview. From basic concepts to advanced techniques, we’ve got you covered.

Cypress Automation Interview Questions & Answers

1. What is Cypress?

Cypress is a modern end-to-end testing framework designed specifically for web applications. Unlike traditional testing tools, Cypress operates directly in the browser, providing real-time testing capabilities and an intuitive debugging experience. It allows developers to write tests using JavaScript, enabling seamless integration with existing workflows, and facilitates rapid development with features like automatic waiting and time travel debugging.

2. What are the advantages of Cypress?

Here are some of the benefits of using Cypress:

Real-Time Reloads: Cypress automatically reloads tests in real-time as you make changes, speeding up the development and testing process.
Faster: Cypress executes commands directly on the browser, making it faster than Selenium. It also runs tests in parallel and automatically retries failed ones, saving time and effort in testing and issue identification.
Time Travel Debugging: Cypress allows “time travel” to inspect application states during test execution, making issue diagnosis quicker. It takes snapshots of each test step automatically, with no configuration needed.
Debugging: The Cypress Debuggability feature offers access to developer tools within the browser, allowing for direct debugging in the browser environment.
Automatic Waiting: Cypress automatically waits for commands and assertions or any animation to complete before proceeding, eliminating the need for manual waits or timeouts.
Easy Setup: With straightforward installation and configuration, getting Cypress up and running is quick and hassle-free.
Video capture: Cypress enables video capture, allowing you to record the entire test execution process.
Rich Assertions: Cypress provides an extensive range of built-in assertions, making it easier to validate application behavior.
Network Traffic Control: The framework allows for easy manipulation of requests and responses, enabling thorough testing of edge cases and error handling.
Cross-Origin Testing: Cypress supports testing across multiple origins, making it versatile for applications with complex architectures.
Comprehensive Documentation: Well-written and detailed documentation is readily available, aiding developers in understanding and effectively using Cypress.
API Testing: Cypress provides robust capabilities for API testing. Users can easily send HTTP requests using the `cy.request()` method to validate responses, check status codes, and inspect the data returned from APIs. The ability to intercept and manipulate API requests also facilitates testing various scenarios, including error responses and rate limiting, making it a comprehensive solution for modern web application testing.
Open Source: Being an open-source tool, Cypress provides a robust community and the advantage of continuous updates and enhancements from contributors.

3. What are the disadvantages of using Cypress?

Here are some of the disadvantages of using Cypress:

Limited Browser Support: Currently, Cypress primarily supports Chrome and Electron, with limited support for Firefox and no support for Internet Explorer, which can restrict testing on some platforms.
No Native Mobile Testing: Cypress doesn’t natively support mobile application testing, requiring additional frameworks or workarounds to achieve this.
Single Origin Policy: Complex applications that require cross-origin testing can face challenges, as Cypress is designed with a single-origin policy in mind.
Steep Learning Curve for Advanced Features: While general usage is straightforward, mastering advanced features may require more time and effort.
Serial Execution: Tests are executed serially rather than in parallel, which could slow down larger test suites compared to other frameworks that support parallel execution.

4. How to Install and Setup Cypress

Installing and setting up Cypress is straightforward and can be done in a few steps. First, ensure you have Node.js installed on your system, as Cypress is built on top of it. You can download Node.js from the official site.

Initialize your project: Open your terminal and navigate to your project directory. Use the following command to create a new ‘package.json’ file if you don’t have one already.

npm init -y

Install Cypress: You can install Cypress as a development dependency using npm with the following command:

npm install cypress --save-dev

Open Cypress: Once installed, you can open the Cypress application by running:

npx cypress open

This command will create a ‘cypress’ folder in your project structure, containing example tests and essential folders for your test code.

Configure Cypress: You can customize your settings by editing the ‘cypress.json’ configuration file that gets generated during the installation. Here you can set base URL, timeouts, and other configurations to better suit your testing needs.

By following these steps, you will have successfully installed and set up Cypress, ready for you to start writing and running your tests.

5. What are the Components of Cypress?

Cypress consists of several key components that work together to provide a comprehensive end-to-end testing framework. These components include:

Cypress Test Runner: The core of the Cypress framework, it allows users to execute tests directly in the browser. This interactive environment provides real-time feedback, enabling developers to observe test execution and pinpoint failures immediately.
Cypress Dashboard: This cloud service provides a visual representation of the testing process, allowing teams to monitor test results, performance metrics, and debugging information. It helps teams maintain visibility over their testing outcomes and insights.
Cypress CLI: The Command Line Interface (CLI) enables developers to run tests, configure settings, and automate their testing processes efficiently. The CLI is essential for integrating Cypress into continuous integration (CI) environments.
Assertion Libraries: Cypress comes with built-in assertion libraries such as Chai and Sinon that facilitate easy and robust test validations. These libraries allow testers to write clear and expressive tests, ensuring that application behaviour meets expectations.
Plugins: Cypress supports a variety of plugins which can extend its functionality. These plugins can enhance features, integrate with various tools, and provide additional utilities that cater to specific testing needs.
Framework Integrations: Cypress seamlessly integrates with popular testing frameworks like Mocha and Jasmine, allowing users to choose their preferred style of testing while leveraging Cypress’s powerful features.

Together, these components create a versatile and powerful environment for testing web applications, facilitating a streamlined development and testing workflow.

6. What is a Cypress Test Runner?

A Cypress Test Runner is an innovative tool designed for end-to-end testing of web applications. It provides a robust environment that allows developers and testers to write, run, and debug tests with ease. Unlike traditional test runners, Cypress operates directly within the browser, enabling real-time reloading and testing capabilities. This unique architecture allows users to see their tests execute in a live browser, making it easier to diagnose issues and understand the tests’ behaviour.

The Cypress Test Runner supports both JavaScript and TypeScript, offering developers flexibility in their testing approach, alongside powerful features like automatic waiting, which reduces the need for manual waits or sleeps in tests. Overall, the Cypress Test Runner enhances the testing experience, leading to faster development cycles and more reliable applications.

7. What is a Cypress Dashboard?

The Cypress Dashboard is a cloud-based service that provides a centralized interface for accessing and managing Cypress test results. It offers valuable insights into test runs by allowing developers and teams to monitor their tests in real-time, view analytics, and track test performance over time. With features such as test result history, retry capabilities, and recording of test video, the Dashboard enhances collaboration among team members by providing a comprehensive overview of testing outcomes. Additionally, it includes detailed logs and screenshots that help in diagnosing failures more efficiently. By integrating with CI/CD pipelines, the Cypress Dashboard streamlines the testing process, enabling teams to ensure higher quality software delivery with ease.

8. What is Cypress CLI?

Cypress CLI (Command Line Interface) is a powerful tool that allows developers to execute Cypress commands directly from the terminal. It provides a streamlined way to run tests, manage configurations, and interact with the Cypress framework without the need for a graphical user interface. With Cypress CLI, users can initiate test runs, specify browsers, control test environments, and even trigger parallel test execution with simple commands. Additionally, it supports various options for configuration, making it highly versatile for integrating Cypress into continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) pipelines. By leveraging the Cypress CLI, developers can enhance their testing workflows and automate testing processes more efficiently.

9. Explain Cypress Architecture?

Cypress operates on a unique architecture compared to traditional testing frameworks. It runs directly in the browser, enabling it to manipulate the DOM and access application code in real-time. This architecture consists of a Node.js server that handles test execution, while the browser displays the application’s UI and executes the tests synchronously. This separation allows for better control over the test environment, provides instant access to application states, and offers real-time reloading, making debugging and test writing more efficient.

10. How Cypress Architecture is different from Selenium?

Cypress and Selenium are both popular tools for end-to-end testing, but their architectures differ significantly, influencing how tests are executed and their overall performance. Selenium operates by using WebDriver, which sends commands to a browser via a browser-specific driver. This means that tests run in a separate process, which can slow down execution due to the time it takes to communicate between the test script and the browser.

On the other hand, Cypress executes tests directly in the browser, running in the same context as the application being tested. This allows for faster execution and easier debugging, as developers can interact with the application in real-time and observe various elements’ states without the latency associated with remote commands. Additionally, Cypress automatically waits for commands and assertions, reducing flakiness and making tests more reliable. Overall, Cypress offers a more streamlined and developer-friendly experience compared to Selenium’s more traditional approach.

Don’t miss: Real time Selenium Interview Questions

11. How do you use Cypress framework with Java or C# like Selenium?

Cypress framework cannot be directly used with Java or C#, as it is specifically designed for JavaScript and TypeScript, unlike Selenium which supports multiple programming languages.

12. Can you use JUnit or TestNG in Cypress?

No, JUnit and TestNG cannot be used with Cypress, as it is specifically built for testing with JavaScript and does not support Java testing frameworks. Cypress comes with testing framework known as Mocha, which is used for structuring tests and providing assertions.

13. Write some difference between Cypress and Selenium?

Execution Environment: Cypress operates directly within the browser, executing commands in the same run-loop as the application being tested. In contrast, Selenium interacts with the browser via WebDriver, which introduces latency as commands are sent over the network.
Programming Language Support: Cypress is primarily designed for JavaScript and TypeScript, making it ideal for modern web applications built with these technologies. Selenium, on the other hand, supports multiple programming languages, including Java, C#, Python, and Ruby.
Real-Time Reloading: Cypress provides real-time reloading out of the box, allowing developers to see changes reflected in tests immediately as they are written. Selenium does not have this feature natively and requires additional configuration for similar functionality.
Test Flakiness: Cypress reduces test flakiness by automatically waiting for elements to become visible and ready for action. Selenium often requires manual waits and checks, which can lead to inconsistencies in test execution.
Network Traffic Control: Cypress has built-in capabilities for network traffic control, providing a way to stub and intercept requests without extensive configurations. While Selenium can achieve this, it typically requires additional libraries or tools to test network interactions effectively.

Read in depth differences between Cypress vs Selenium here

14. What browsers does Cypress support?

Cypress provides robust support for a range of modern browsers, ensuring that developers can test their applications across various environments. As of now, Cypress officially supports the following browsers:

Chrome: The most commonly used browser for testing, Cypress provides extensive support for the latest versions of Chrome.
Chromium: Similar to Chrome, the Chromium browser is also fully supported for testing purposes.
Electron: Cypress includes a built-in version of Electron, which is useful for testing applications that run in this framework.
Firefox: Cypress has been expanding its support, and it continues to enhance compatibility with various versions of Firefox.
Edge: The Chromium-based version of Microsoft Edge is supported, allowing for testing across different platforms.

By supporting these browsers, Cypress enables developers to ensure their web applications behave consistently across all major platforms.

15. How do you create a basic test case in Cypress?

To write a basic test case in Cypress, you can follow these steps:

Set Up Your Test File: Create a new test file in the `cypress/integration` folder. For example, you can name it `basic_test.spec.js`.

Describe Your Test: Use the `describe` function to group your tests logically. This helps in organizing your test structure.

describe('My First Test', () => {
       // Test cases will go here
   });

Define a Test Case: Inside the `describe` block, use the `it` function to define individual test cases. Here, you can provide a string description of what the test does and a function containing the test logic.

   it('should visit the homepage and verify title', () => {
       // Test logic will go here
   });

Implement Test Steps: Use Cypress commands to interact with the application. For instance, to visit a webpage and check the title, you can do the following:

   cy.visit('https://example.com'); // Navigate to a URL
   cy.title().should('include', 'Example Domain'); // Verify the title

Run Your Test: Save the file and run your Cypress tests using the Cypress Test Runner, ensuring your test case executes as expected.

Here’s a complete basic test case example:

describe('My First Test', () => {
    it('should visit the homepage and verify title', () => {
        cy.visit('https://example.com');
        cy.title().should('include', 'Example Domain');
    });
});

This structure serves as a straightforward yet effective method to initiate your testing journey with Cypress.

16. What are some common Cypress commands and how are they used?

Cypress offers a wide range of commands that facilitate efficient and effective testing. Here are some of the most commonly used commands:

‘cy.visit(url)’: This command allows you to navigate to a specified URL. It can be used to load a page before performing any tests.

 cy.visit('https://www.softwaretestingmaterial.com');

‘cy.get(selector)’: Use this command to select DOM elements based on a CSS selector. It’s a fundamental command used frequently to interact with elements.

cy.get('.btn-primary').click(); // Click a button with class 'btn-primary'

‘cy.contains(text)’: This command selects an element that contains the specified text, making it useful for targeting buttons, links, or other elements where the text is known.

cy.contains('Submit').click(); // Click the 'Submit' button

‘cy.type(text)’: This command is used to simulate typing text into an input field.

cy.get('input[name="email"]').type('test@example.com'); // Type email into the input

‘cy.should(assertion)’: This command is used for making assertions about the state of an element.

cy.get('.alert').should('be.visible'); // Assert that the alert element is visible

‘cy.log()’: This command is used to display cypress console logs during execution

cy.log(‘STM 123’);

These commands, among others, allow testers to interact with the application, verify its state, and ensure that it behaves as expected.

17. How to check the default configuration in Cypress?

The default configuration can be seen Under Cypress window Test Runner > Settings and Configurations.

18. How to open the Cypress window and execute tests?

To open the Cypress window, navigate to your project directory in the terminal or command prompt and run the command `npx cypress open`. This will launch the Cypress Test Runner, allowing you to view all available tests in your project. Once the window is open, you can select any test file from the list to execute it. The selected test will run in an interactive browser window, displaying real-time results and enabling you to observe the actions as they are performed. If any tests fail, Cypress provides detailed logs and error messages to help you pinpoint issues quickly.

19. How to handle new tabs or windows with Cypress?

Handling new tabs or windows in Cypress can be a bit tricky since Cypress is designed to run in a single browser tab context. When a link opens a new tab, Cypress does not automatically switch to it; instead, you can modify the link to prevent it from opening in a new tab or use alternative strategies to test the intended functionality. One common approach is to target the URL directly using `cy.visit()`. For example, if you know clicking a link will redirect to another page, you can test that page directly.

If you need to handle links that open new tabs, consider using an approach like this:

cy.visit('https://sdetunicorns.com');
cy.get('a[target="_blank"]').invoke('removeAttr', 'target').click(); // Remove target attribute and click the link
cy.url().should('include', '/expected-page'); // Check that the new page URL is as expected

This code snippet removes the `target` attribute, allowing the link to open in the same tab, making it easier to interact with and test the resulting page.

20. What are hooks in Cypress?

Hooks in Cypress are functions that allow you to set up conditions that run before or after your tests. They can be particularly useful for performing common tasks such as initializing data or cleaning up after tests. The primary hooks available are `before`, `beforeEach`, `after`, and `afterEach`.

‘before()’: This hook runs once before all the tests in a describe block, making it ideal for global setup tasks, such as visiting a URL or seeding the database.
‘beforeEach()’: This hook runs before each individual test, allowing for repetitive setup procedures. For instance, you could log in a user before every test that requires authentication.
‘after()’: This hook runs once after all tests in a describe block, typically used for cleanup activities like logging out users or resetting application state.
‘afterEach()’: Similar to `after`, but runs after each test, allowing you to handle cleanup tasks that need to be performed regardless of whether the test passed or failed.

Using hooks helps streamline your test code and enhances readability by reducing duplication.

21. Which selectors does Cypress support?

Cypress supports a variety of selectors for targeting elements within the DOM. The primary selectors include:

CSS Selectors: The most commonly used method, which allows you to select elements based on their classes, IDs, attributes, and hierarchy. For example, `cy.get(‘.class-name’)` or `cy.get(‘#id-name’)`.
Text Selectors: You can target elements containing specific text using the `cy.contains()` command. For instance, `cy.contains(‘Submit’)` will select an element that has the text “Submit”.
Attribute Selectors: Cypress allows selection based on attributes using the syntax: `cy.get(‘[attribute=”value”]’)`.
Chaining Selectors: You can chain multiple selectors together to refine your selection, for example, `cy.get(‘.parent-class’).find(‘.child-class’)`.

These selectors provide flexibility and robustness in identifying and interacting with elements during test automation.

22. How to use XPath in Cypress?

To effectively use XPath in your Cypress tests, you first need to install the `cypress-xpath` plugin. This can be accomplished by running `npm install -D cypress-xpath` in your project directory. After the installation, you’ll need to include the plugin in your `commands.js` file by adding `require(‘cypress-xpath’)`. Once set up, you can use the `cy.xpath()` command in your test scripts.

For example, if you want to select an element with a specific XPath, you can write `cy.xpath(‘//button[text()=”Submit”]’)`. This allows for more complex selections that are often easier to express in XPath, especially when dealing with deeply nested structures or when attribute values are subject to change. Remember to validate your XPath expressions using tools like the built-in XPath Tester to ensure they return the correct elements.

23. What is the meaning of NPX in Cypress?

NPX (Node Package Execute) is a command-line tool that comes with Node.js as a part of its package manager (npm). In the context of Cypress, NPX allows you to execute Cypress commands without needing to install Cypress globally on your system. This is particularly useful for ensuring that you are using the version of Cypress specified in your project’s `package.json` file. When you run `npx cypress open`, NPX temporarily installs Cypress if it’s not already present, retrieves the specified version, and executes the command. This approach helps to keep your project’s dependencies consistent and avoids potential conflicts that may arise from having different global versions of Cypress.

24. What’s the difference between npm and npx?

NPM (Node Package Manager) and NPX (Node Package Execute) serve distinct but complementary roles within the Node.js ecosystem. NPM is primarily used as a tool for managing packages; it allows developers to install, update, and manage libraries and dependencies in their projects. When you run commands like `npm install <package>`, you are downloading and installing packages into your project, enabling you to use various libraries and frameworks.

On the other hand, NPX is designed to execute Node packages directly, without the need for installation in the project. It simplifies the process of running command-line tools associated with local packages. For instance, using `npx <command>` allows you to run a binary from a package without permanently installing it, making it convenient for one-off commands or scripts. Ultimately, while NPM focuses on package management, NPX streamlines the execution of those packages, enhancing the overall development workflow.

25. What is Cypress’s default timeout value?

Cypress’s default timeout value is four seconds. This means that if an assertion or command does not complete within this time frame, it will fail. Users can customize this default timeout setting to suit their testing needs.

26. Why add custom timeouts in Cypress?

Adding custom timeouts in Cypress is essential to accommodate variations in application performance and network conditions. By adjusting the default timeout values, users can ensure that tests do not fail prematurely due to slow-loading elements or asynchronous operations. This flexibility allows for more reliable test execution, reducing false negatives and providing a smoother testing experience. Custom timeouts also help in managing tests that interact with third-party services, which may exhibit unpredictable response times, ultimately contributing to more robust and accurate end-to-end testing.

27. How can you modify the default timeout value in Cypress?

To modify the default timeout value in Cypress, users can adjust the setting in the `cypress.json` configuration file. By adding or updating the `”defaultCommandTimeout”` key, users can specify a new timeout value in milliseconds. Additionally, for specific commands, users can pass a `timeout` option directly in the command itself, allowing for more granular control over timeout durations based on testing needs.

28. How can you wait for an element to be visible in Cypress?

To wait for an element to become visible in Cypress, you can use the `should` assertion along with the `be.visible` condition. This method automatically retries until the element is visible or the timeout expires.

cy.get('.my-element', { timeout: 10000 }).should('be.visible');

29. What are Built-in and Explicit Assertions in Cypress?

Built-in assertions in Cypress are automatically included in the testing framework and are executed as part of the command execution process. They ensure that certain conditions are true without the need for the developer to specify them explicitly. For example, when using commands like `should` or `expect`, Cypress can assert the state of an element based on its visibility or content. On the other hand, explicit assertions must be stated directly in the test code by the user, allowing for more tailored checks. These assertions are typically used to validate specific conditions that go beyond the implicit checks, providing greater control over the testing process.

30. What is package.json in Cypress?

Package.json is a crucial file that defines a Cypress project’s metadata, including its name, version, and description. It also lists the project’s dependencies, specifying the packages required for Cypress to function correctly. Additionally, it contains scripts that can be executed using the command line interface, streamlining tasks such as running tests, starting the Cypress application, or managing configurations. By keeping track of these aspects, package.json ensures that the project is easily maintainable and shareable among different development environments.

31. How does Cypress handle browser compatibility testing?

Cypress simplifies browser compatibility testing by allowing developers to run tests in multiple browsers seamlessly. It supports popular browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Edge, enabling users to verify that their applications behave consistently across different environments. Additionally, Cypress provides built-in tools for debugging and inspecting elements, which aids in identifying any compatibility issues that may arise during testing.

32. How to run tests in parallel in Cypress?

Running tests in parallel can significantly reduce the overall test execution time, especially for large test suites. Cypress provides several ways to enable parallel test execution, primarily through its Dashboard Service. To set up parallel execution, you should first ensure you have the Cypress Dashboard integrated with your project.

Enable the Dashboard: Register your project at the Cypress Dashboard and obtain your Project ID.

Run Tests with the `–parallel` Flag: Use the command line to run your tests in parallel. The syntax typically looks like this:

npx cypress run --record --key <your-record-key> --parallel

Make sure to replace `<your-record-key>` with your actual key from the Dashboard.

Configure Your CI/CD Pipeline: If you are using a Continuous Integration service (like CircleCI, GitHub Actions, or Travis CI), configure it to execute Cypress in parallel. This often involves enabling parallel runs in your CI settings and ensuring your command includes the necessary flags.

By following these steps, you can efficiently execute your Cypress tests in parallel, greatly speeding up your testing process while maintaining the reliability of your automated tests.

33. How do you handle dynamic elements in Cypress tests?

Handling dynamic elements in Cypress tests requires a strategic approach, as these elements may not be immediately available in the DOM when a test runs. To effectively interact with dynamic elements, you can use the `cy.get()` command in combination with strategies like retries and ensuring visibility. Implementing assertions such as `should(‘be.visible’)` helps confirm that the element is present before attempting to interact with it. Additionally, you can use `cy.wait()` for specific requests or use the `cy.intercept()` method to manage and stub network calls, ensuring that the tests only proceed when the necessary data is available. By incorporating these techniques, you can create robust tests that reliably account for dynamic content.

34. What is the concept of snapshots in Cypress?

Snapshots in Cypress refer to the automatic capturing of the state of the DOM at a specific point during a test execution. This feature allows testers to visualize how elements appear at that moment, facilitating visual regression testing and ensuring that UI changes do not unintentionally affect the application’s layout or functionality. By leveraging snapshots, developers can easily track changes and identify discrepancies between expected and actual outcomes.

35. What are the reporters cypress supports?

Cypress supports various reporters that can be used to format test results. By default, it employs the spec reporter for outputting information to the console. Additionally, being built on Mocha, it is compatible with other Mocha reporters such as Junit and Teamcity, enabling users to choose the output format that best suits their needs.

36. What is Retry in Cypress, and how can you modify its behavior?

Cypress offers a built-in retry mechanism designed to enhance test reliability by automatically re-running failed assertions until they pass or a specified timeout is reached. You can modify this behavior using the `defaultCommandTimeout` configuration option. By adjusting this timeout, you can extend or shorten the duration Cypress waits before retrying a command, thereby accommodating the needs of your tests. For example, setting `defaultCommandTimeout: 10000` will allow each command to retry for up to 10 seconds before failing.

cypress run --config defaultCommandTimeout=10000

37. How to Run Tests in Cypress in Headless Mode?

Running Cypress tests in headless mode is straightforward and can be accomplished through the command line. Headless mode allows you to execute your tests without a graphical user interface, which is especially useful for continuous integration (CI) pipelines. To run your tests in headless mode, you can use the following command:

cypress run

This command starts the Cypress test runner in headless mode using the default browser, which is typically Electron. If you want to specify a different browser, such as Chrome or Firefox, you can add the `–browser` flag, like so:

cypress run --browser chrome

Additionally, you can include various configuration options to tailor the execution to your needs, such as specifying the path to your test files or adjusting the reporter for output format.

38. How can you debug in Cypress?

Debugging in Cypress can be effectively achieved using the `.debug()` and `.pause()` commands. The `.debug()` command allows you to pause the code execution at a specific point and open the browser’s developer tools to inspect the state of your application. For example:

cy.get('button.submit').click().debug();

Alternatively, you can use the `.pause()` command to halt the test execution until you manually resume it:

cy.get('input[name="username"]').type('myUsername').pause();

Both of these methods provide you with the flexibility to closely examine your application and pinpoint issues during test execution.

39. How can I get location Object in Cypress?

To retrieve the location object in Cypress, you can use the command `cy.location()`. This command provides access to the current URL, including information such as the pathname, host, hostname, search, hash values etc. For example, invoking `cy.location()` will return the location object for your current test context.

40. How can I chain multiple assertions in Cypress?

In Cypress, you can chain multiple assertions by using the `should` or `expect` commands consecutively on the same element. This allows you to verify several properties or states of an element in a single test. For instance, you can write `cy.get(‘.active’).should(‘be.visible’).and(‘have.class’, ‘active’).and(‘contain’, ‘Services’)` to check that the element is visible, has the specified class, and contains the correct text. This approach enhances readability and maintainability of your test scripts by grouping related assertions together.

Advanced Cypress Interview Questions & Answers For Experienced

41. Can you perform API testing with Cypress? If yes how do you perform API testing using Cypres?

Yes, I can perform API testing with Cypress, which is particularly useful for asserting the behavior of our backend APIs alongside your frontend tests. Cypress provides a robust set of commands to interact with APIs, and the `cy.request()` command is a key feature for making HTTP requests. To test an API, you can send GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE requests and evaluate the responses.

Here’s a simple example of how to perform API testing using Cypress:

describe('API Testing', () => {
  it('should retrieve a list of users', () => {
    cy.request('GET', 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users')
      .then((response) => {
        expect(response.status).to.eq(200);
        expect(response.body).to.be.an('array');
        expect(response.body.length).to.be.greaterThan(0);
      });
  });
  it('should create a new user', () => {
    const newUser = {
      name: 'John Doe',
      email: 'john@example.com'
    };
    cy.request('POST', 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users', newUser)
      .then((response) => {
        expect(response.status).to.eq(201);
        expect(response.body).to.have.property('name', newUser.name);
        expect(response.body).to.have.property('email', newUser.email);
      });
  });
});

In this example, the first test checks if an API endpoint returns a list of users successfully, while the second test ensures that a new user can be created. By using assertions, we can validate that the API behaves as expected.

42. How can I read files in Cypress?

In Cypress, reading files is quite straightforward using the `cy.readFile()` command. This function allows you to read the contents of a file from your project’s directory. You can specify the path to the file you want to read, and it returns the contents as a string or JSON, depending on the file type. Here’s a simple example of reading a text file:

cy.readFile('cypress/fixtures/sample.txt').then((fileContent) => {
// Do something with the fileContent
cy.log(fileContent);
});

For JSON files, you can use the same command, and it will automatically parse the contents into a JavaScript object:

cy.readFile('cypress/fixtures/data.json').then((data) => {
// Access data from the JSON file
cy.log(data.key);
});

This makes it easy to work with external data or configurations during your test execution.

43. How to get the browser properties in Cypress

To access browser properties in Cypress, you can use the `Cypress.browser` object. This provides details about the current browser being used for the tests. For example, to log the browser details, you can use:

cy.log(Cypress.browser);

This will output an object containing properties such as `name`, `version`, and `isHeadless`.

44. What are custom commands in Cypress?

Custom commands in Cypress enable developers to create reusable functions that encapsulate frequently used actions, thus enhancing the efficiency of tests. By defining these commands in the `commands.js` file, you can streamline your testing scripts and reduce duplication. Here’s a practical example:

Practical Example:

Suppose you often need to log into your application for various tests. Instead of writing the login code repeatedly, you can define a custom command like this:

// In commands.js
Cypress.Commands.add('login', (email, password) => {
    cy.visit('/login');
    cy.get('input[name="email"]').type(email);
    cy.get('input[name="password"]').type(password);
    cy.get('button[type="submit"]').click();
});

Now, you can easily use the `login` command in any test case, promoting cleaner and more maintainable code:

describe('User Authentication Tests', () => {
    it('should log in a user', () => {
        cy.login('user@example.com', 'password123');
        cy.url().should('include', '/dashboard');
    });
    it('should log out a user', () => {
        cy.login('user@example.com', 'password123');
        cy.get('button#logout').click();
        cy.url().should('include', '/login');
    });
});

By using custom commands like `cy.login`, you not only ensure consistent behavior across your tests but also simplify the process of making changes if the login procedure evolves over time.

45. What’s the difference between cy.readFile() and cy.fixture() functions?

The `cy.readFile()` and `cy.fixture()` functions in Cypress, while both used for handling file content, serve different purposes and contexts within testing. The `cy.readFile()` function is more general and allows you to read any file from the file system, which means you can specify the path to any file type and format that exists in your project directory. This flexibility is useful for accessing a variety of files throughout your tests.

On the other hand, `cy.fixture()` is specifically designed for loading test data and is often used for JSON files stored in the `cypress/fixtures` folder. When you use `cy.fixture()`, Cypress automatically handles loading, parsing, and making the data available in a straightforward manner. Here’s an example of using `cy.fixture()`:

cy.fixture('data.json').then((data) => {
// Access data from the fixture
cy.log(data.key);
});

In summary, use `cy.readFile()` for more broad file reading needs and `cy.fixture()` when working specifically with fixture files, particularly during test setups that require predefined data.

46. How can I write a file in Cypress?

To write a file in Cypress, you can use the `cy.writeFile()` command, which is designed to create or overwrite files in your project’s filesystem during test execution. This function is particularly useful for saving test outputs, logs, or dynamically generated data. Here’s a basic example of how to use `cy.writeFile()`:

cy.writeFile('cypress/fixtures/output.json', {
key: 'value',
anotherKey: 'anotherValue'
});

In this example, a JSON file named `output.json` is created in the `cypress/fixtures` directory, with the specified key-value pairs. You can also write strings, arrays, or other objects as needed. By utilizing this function, you can ensure your test scenarios have the necessary data both for input and output, enhancing the overall test automation process.

47. How to Use Mouseover in Cypress?

In Cypress, simulating a mouseover event can be achieved using the `trigger()` function. This is particularly useful for testing interactions that rely on hover states, such as tooltips or dropdown menus. To perform a mouseover, you first need to select the desired element and then trigger the mouseover event. Here’s a basic example:

cy.get('.your-element-selector').trigger('mouseover');

In this example, replace `.your-element-selector` with the actual selector for the element you wish to target. Upon triggering the mouseover event, you can then assert the expected outcome, such as checking if a tooltip appears or if a specific style is applied to the element. This helps ensure that the user interface behaves correctly in response to mouse interactions.

48. How can I perform drag and drop in Cypress?

In Cypress, performing a drag and drop operation can be achieved using the `trigger()` function to simulate the necessary mouse events. While Cypress does not natively support drag and drop, you can replicate it by triggering the appropriate events in sequence: `mousedown`, `mousemove`, and `mouseup`. Here’s an example of how you can implement a simple drag-and-drop action:

cy.get('.draggable-element')
.trigger('mousedown', { which: 1 });
cy.get('.drop-zone')
.trigger('mousemove')
.trigger('mouseup', { force: true });

In this code snippet, replace `.draggable-element` with the selector for the item you want to drag, and `.drop-zone` with the selector for where you want to drop it. The `{ force: true }` option ensures that the mouseup event is triggered even if Cypress detects that the target isn’t interactable, allowing for more flexible interactions in your tests.

49. How can you click on the button in Cypress?

To click on a button in Cypress, you can use the `.click()` command in conjunction with a selector that identifies the button you want to interact with. A simple example would be using a class, ID, or any other attribute to locate the button. Here’s a basic demonstration:

cy.get('button#submit').click();

In this case, `cy.get(‘button#submit’)` selects the button with the ID “submit,” and the `.click()` method simulates a click action on that button. You can also add assertions after the click to verify the expected outcome, ensuring your tests confirm the button’s functionality effectively.

50. How to click hidden element in Cypress?

To click a hidden element in Cypress, you can use the `{ force: true }` option with the `cy.click()` command. This will bypass the visibility check and allow you to interact with the element regardless of its visibility state.

cy.get('selector-for-hidden-element').click({ force: true });

51. What is the trigger function in Cypress?

The `.trigger()` function in Cypress is used to programmatically simulate an event on a DOM element. This can be particularly useful for testing how your application handles specific user interactions without requiring physical user input.

Example:

Consider the following HTML code:

<button id="submit">Submit</button>

In your test script, if you want to simulate a click event on the button, you can use:

cy.get('#submit').trigger('click');

This command will trigger the click event on the button with the ID `submit`, allowing you to test the associated functionality, such as form submission or any other actions triggered by that click.

52. How do you change the baseUrl in Cypress dynamically?

To change the `baseUrl` in Cypress dynamically, you can leverage environment variables. By defining the `baseUrl` in your `cypress.json` file under the `env` section, you can override it during your test runs. Here’s how you can do it:

Set the baseUrl in ‘cypress.json’:

{
"env": {
"baseUrl": "http://localhost:3000"
}
}

Run Cypress with a specific baseUrl:

You can specify a different `baseUrl` using command line arguments when running your tests. For example:

cypress run --env baseUrl="http://www.softwaretestingmaterial.com"

Access the baseUrl in your tests:

You can then access this dynamically set `baseUrl` in your tests using `Cypress.env()`. For example:

cy.visit(Cypress.env('baseUrl'));

By following these steps, you can easily adjust the `baseUrl` for different environments without needing to hard-code values directly into your tests.

53. How to get the title of the page in Cypress?

To retrieve the title of the current page in Cypress, you can use the following command:

cy.title().then((title) => {
cy.log(title);
});

This will log the title to the Cypress console for verification.

54. How to use Sleep in Cypress?

To introduce a delay in your tests, you can use the `.wait()` command in Cypress, which pauses execution for a specified duration in milliseconds. For example, `cy.wait(2000);` will sleep for 2 seconds before proceeding to the next command.

55. What is an Environment Variable in Cypress?

Environment variables in Cypress are a powerful feature that allows developers to manage different values for their tests without hardcoding them. These variables can be used to store sensitive information, like API keys or database credentials, as well as configuration settings that might change between development, staging, and production environments.

In Cypress, environment variables can be defined in the `cypress.json` file, provided through command-line arguments, or set directly in the Cypress dashboard. By using environment variables, you can ensure that your test scripts remain flexible and secure, making it easier to adapt them to various scenarios without making changes to the actual code. For example, you can access an environment variable in your test with `Cypress.env(‘variableName’)`.

56. How can I type Keypress in Cypress?

To simulate a keypress in Cypress, you can use the `.type()` command along with the desired key combination. For example, to type a specific key like “Enter” after entering a value, you can do it as follows:

cy.get('input').type('Hello{enter}');

This will enter “Hello” into the input field and then simulate pressing the Enter key.

57. How to read a value form Cypress configuration file?

To read a value from the Cypress configuration file, you can use the `Cypress.config()` method. For example, to access the base URL, you would use `const baseUrl = Cypress.config(‘baseUrl’);`.

58. How to create suites in Cypress?

Creating test suites in Cypress is essential for organizing your tests logically and efficiently. A test suite can be created by grouping multiple tests using the `describe` function, which allows you to define a specific category of tests related to a common functionality or feature. Here’s a basic example of how to form a test suite:

describe('User Login Suite', () => {
    it('should successfully log in with valid credentials', () => {
        // Your test code here
    });
    it('should show an error message for invalid credentials', () => {
        // Your test code here
    });
});

Within each `describe` block, you can define multiple `it` blocks, each representing a standalone test case. This structure not only improves readability but also facilitates easier management of your tests, allowing for better debugging and reporting.

59. How to run a single specfile in command line?

To execute a single spec file using Cypress from the command line, you can utilize the following command structure:

npx cypress run --spec "cypress/integration/your-spec-file.js"

Replace `”cypress/integration/your-spec-file.js”` with the path to the specific spec file you wish to run. This command enables you to focus on running only the tests contained within that file, streamlining your testing process and saving time, especially during development and debugging phases. Additionally, you can specify the browser you want to use by adding `–browser chrome` (or `–browser firefox`, etc.) to the command if needed.

60. Name some commands which you use to interact with DOM elements?

Some common cypress commands used to interact with DOM elements are as follows:

‘cy.get(selector)‘ – Retrieves one or more DOM elements matching the specified selector.
‘cy.contains(text)’ – Finds a DOM element containing specific text.
‘cy.click()‘ – Simulates a mouse click on the selected element.
‘cy.dblclick()‘ – Simulates a double-click action on the selected element.
‘cy.rightclick()’ – Simulates a right-click action on the selected element.
‘cy.type(text)‘ – Types text into an input field.
‘cy.select(value)’ – Selects an option from a dropdown menu by its value.
‘cy.clear()’ – Clears the value of an input field.
‘cy.check()’ – Checks a checkbox or radio button by selecting it based on its value or label.
‘cy.uncheck()’ – Unchecks a checkbox or radio button that is currently selected.
‘cy.visible()‘ – Checks if an element is visible in the viewport.
‘cy.should(condition)’ – Asserts that a DOM element meets a specified condition (e.g., be.visible, exist).
‘cy.focus()‘ – Sets focus on the selected element.
‘cy.hover()’ – Simulates hovering over a DOM element.

61. How to get the first and last child of the selected element?

In Cypress, you can easily access the first and last child of a selected element using the `.children()` method combined with the `.first()` and `.last()` methods. Here’s how you can do it:

// Assuming you have a parent element selected
cy.get('parent-selector').children().first().should('have.text', 'Expected First Child Text');
cy.get('parent-selector').children().last().should('have.text', 'Expected Last Child Text');

In this example, replace `’parent-selector’` with the actual CSS selector of the parent element from which you want to retrieve the first and last children. The `.should()` command helps in verifying the text or any other property of the child elements.

62. How can we use Browser Navigation in Cypress?

Cypress provides several commands that allow us to control browser navigation effectively. These commands include `cy.visit()`, which navigates to a specified URL, and `cy.go()`, which can move backward or forward in the browser’s history. For instance, to visit a specific webpage, you can use the following code:

cy.visit('http://example.com');

To go back to the previous page in the browser history, you can simply call:

cy.go('back');

Conversely, to go forward, use:

cy.go('forward');

Furthermore, Cypress allows us to reload the current page using:

cy.reload();

These navigation commands can streamline your testing process by simulating user interactions more accurately, ensuring your application behaves as expected when users navigate through it.

63. How to press keyboard keys in Cypress?

Cypress provides a straightforward way to simulate keyboard interactions in your tests through the `.type()` command. This command can be used not only for entering text in input fields but also for pressing specific keys. Here’s how you can do it:

To type a string into a field, use the following syntax:

cy.get('input').type('Hello, World!');

If you want to simulate pressing special keys like `Enter`, `Escape`, or `Tab`, you can pass the key as a string. For example:

// Press the Enter key
cy.get('input').type('{enter}');
// Press the Escape key
cy.get('input').type('{esc}');
// Press the Tab key
cy.get('input').type('{tab}');

These commands can be combined with other actions to create more complex interactions. Remember to ensure that the targeted element is in focus before simulating key presses for accurate results.

64. What is Shadow DOM in Cypress and how do you access Shadow DOM in Cypress?

Shadow DOM is a web standard that allows developers to encapsulate a piece of the DOM and its styles, preventing them from being affected by the rest of the page. This encapsulation is particularly useful for web components, as it promotes better component reuse and isolation. In Cypress, to access elements within a Shadow DOM, you can use the `.shadow()` command. Here’s how to do it:

cy.get('element-with-shadow-root').shadow().find('child-element');

In this example, `element-with-shadow-root` is the host element that contains the shadow DOM, and `child-element` is the element you wish to access within that shadow DOM. This method allows you to interact seamlessly with elements that are encapsulated by the Shadow DOM in your testing scenarios.

65. How to Test Iframes with Cypress?

Testing iframes in Cypress can be a bit challenging since Cypress commands do not automatically access elements within an iframe due to the way it executes in a single DOM context. However, you can still interact with iframes by using a combination of Cypress commands and a custom function. First, you need to get the iframe’s content and then use it to perform further actions. Here’s how you can achieve that:

cy.get('iframe')
  .its('0.contentDocument.body') // Access the iframe's body
  .then(cy.wrap) // Wrap it so Cypress can interact with it
  .find('input[name="iframeInput"]') // Find the desired input element within the iframe
  .type('Hello from Cypress!'); // Type into the input field

In this example, we first get the iframe, access its body, and then wrap it so we can search for elements inside the iframe context. This approach allows you to effectively test and interact with elements contained within an iframe in your Cypress tests.

Also, You can enhance your work with elements inside an iframe by using the Cypress iframes plugin, which provides custom commands for simplification.

Below is a basic example that demonstrates how to interact with an input field inside an iframe using this plugin.

First, ensure you have installed the plugin:

npm install -D cypress-iframe

Then, you can write a test script as follows:

describe('Iframe Test Example', () => {
  it('should type into an iframe input field', () => {
    cy.visit('/your-page-with-iframe'); // Replace with the URL of your page
    cy.frameLoaded('iframe.selector'); // Load the iframe
    cy.iframe('iframe.selector') // Select the iframe
      .find('input[name="iframeInput"]') // Find the input field within the iframe
      .type('Hello from Cypress Frames Plugin!'); // Type into the input field
  });
});

In this example, we first visit the page that contains the iframe. We then use the `cy.frameLoaded()` command to ensure the iframe is loaded before interacting with its content. Finally, we select the iframe and find the input field to type a message. This straightforward approach makes working with iframes much easier in your Cypress tests.

66. How to execute JavaScript commands in Cypress?

Executing JavaScript commands in Cypress is straightforward thanks to its built-in `cy.window()` command, which gives you access to the window object of the browser. This enables you to run any JavaScript directly within the context of your application. For example, to execute a simple command, you can do the following:

cy.window().then((win) => {
// Run any JavaScript command here
const result = win.someGlobalFunction(); // Example of calling a global function
cy.log(result); // Log the result
});

This method allows you to interact with the application’s JavaScript, access global variables, or even perform assertions based on the results obtained from executing JavaScript commands.

67. Can we use BDD with Cypress?

Yes, we can use Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) with Cypress, which is particularly useful for writing tests in a more readable and understandable format. Cypress supports BDD syntax through frameworks like Mocha and Chai, allowing developers to write tests using Given-When-Then language. By integrating Cypress with tools like Cucumber, you can create feature files that articulate the desired behavior of your application in plain language, while Cypress handles the underlying test execution. This combination enhances collaboration among team members, making it easier for non-technical stakeholders to comprehend test scenarios and ensuring that requirements are met effectively.

68. How can we filter the DOM element?

In Cypress, filtering DOM elements is achieved using various methods that help narrow down the selection to specific elements based on certain criteria. One of the most common methods is `.filter()`, which filters a set of elements down to those that match a specified selector. For example, if you have multiple list items and want to select only those with a particular class, you can use:

cy.get('li').filter('.active')

This code will return only the list items that have the class active. Additionally, you can use `.eq(index)` to select an element at a specific index of the filtered collection, allowing greater control over your element selections. For instance, if you want the first item of a filtered list, you can chain:

cy.get('li').filter('.active').eq(0)

Combining these methods enhances your ability to interact with the specific elements you need while writing tests in Cypress.

69. What is the before:run event in Cypress?

The `before:run` event in Cypress is triggered before any tests are executed within a test suite. This allows developers to perform initial setup tasks or configure certain parameters that should be in place before the tests begin running.

For instance, it can be used to set environment variables, configure application states, or clear data from previous runs. To listen for this event, you can use the `Cypress.on` syntax, allowing you to add custom logic and enhance the flexibility of your testing process.

Here’s a simple example:

Cypress.on('before:run', (details) => { 
// Custom logic or setup before running tests 
console.log('Tests are about to run');
});

This feature is particularly useful for ensuring a clean and controlled testing environment, which can help improve the reliability of your tests.

70. What is the after:run event in Cypress?

The `after:run` event in Cypress is triggered after all the tests in a test suite have completed execution. This event provides an opportunity for developers to perform cleanup tasks, log results, or execute any final actions that should take place once the tests are finished.

For example, you might use this event to gather test metrics, generate reports, or reset application states. To listen for this event, you can utilize the `Cypress.on` syntax similarly to the `before:run` event.

Below is a simple illustration of how to implement this:

Cypress.on('after:run', (results) => {
// Custom logic or cleanup after tests have run
console.log('Tests have finished running', results);
});

Utilizing the `after:run` event effectively can enhance test management and reporting, contributing to a streamlined testing workflow.

71. How to handle window alerts in Cypress?

Cypress provides a straightforward way to deal with window alerts and prompts. When an alert is triggered, Cypress automatically listens for it and can handle it gracefully. To do this, you can use the `cy.on()` command to catch the alert and respond accordingly. Here’s how you can handle a simple alert:

cy.on('window:alert', (text) => {
// You can assert the alert message if needed
expect(text).to.equal('Your alert message here');
});

Additionally, if you need to handle a confirmation dialog, you can use a similar approach:

cy.on('window:confirm', () => true); // Automatically accepts the confirmation

By using these commands, you can effectively integrate alert handling into your Cypress tests, ensuring that they run smoothly without being interrupted by unexpected pop-ups.

72. How to run tests in Cypress?

Running tests in Cypress is a straightforward process that can be accomplished through multiple methods. To begin, ensure that Cypress is installed in your project. You can initiate the Cypress Test Runner with the following command in your terminal:

npx cypress open

This command opens the Cypress Test Runner interface, allowing you to select and run individual tests easily. You can also run tests headlessly from the command line using:

npx cypress run

This executes all tests in the specified browser without the graphical interface. Additionally, you can specify particular test files or folders to run by using flags like `–spec`, for example:

npx cypress run --spec 'cypress/integration/myTest.spec.js'

By using these commands, testers can efficiently manage and execute their Cypress tests, ensuring a streamlined testing process.

73. How to skip tests in Cypress?

In Cypress, you can easily skip tests or specific test cases when needed. This is particularly useful for temporarily disabling a test that may be failing or irrelevant during development. To skip a test, you can use the `it.skip()` method instead of the regular `it()` function. Here’s an example:

it.skip('This test will be skipped', () => {
// Test code goes here
});

You can also skip entire test suites using `describe.skip()`:

describe.skip('Skipped Test Suite', () => {
it('This test will not run', () => {
// Test code goes here
});
});

By applying these methods, you can manage your test executions flexibly, maintaining a clean and efficient testing process without running unnecessary or failing tests.

74. What is the ‘cy.task()’ function in Cypress?

The `cy.task()` function in Cypress is used to execute Node.js code from Cypress test files, allowing you to perform operations that cannot be executed in the browser context. This is particularly useful for tasks such as accessing files, interacting with databases, or carrying out other server-side operations. By using `cy.task()`, you can communicate between your test code and custom tasks defined in the `plugins` file. Here’s an example of how to use `cy.task()` to read a file:

// In your plugin file
module.exports = (on, config) => {
on('task', {
readFile(filePath) {
return fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf8');
}
});
};
// In your test file
cy.task('readFile', 'path/to/your/file.txt').then((content) => {
  console.log(content);
});

In this example, `cy.task()` is used to call the `readFile` task, which reads the content of a specified file and returns it to the test for further processing.

75. What is the ‘cy.exec()’ function in Cypress?

The `cy.exec()` function in Cypress allows you to run system commands directly from your test scripts. This is useful for executing shell commands, scripts, or processes that are outside the context of a browser. Using `cy.exec()`, you can automate tasks like starting or stopping a server, running database migrations, or performing any command-line operations needed for your tests. Here’s an example of how to use `cy.exec()` to list the contents of a directory:

cy.exec('ls -la').then((result) => {
console.log(result.stdout);
});

In this example, the `exec()` function executes the `ls -la` command, which lists all files and directories in the current working directory. The result is then logged to the console, showcasing the output of the command. Be mindful of the platform you’re running on, as command syntax may vary between operating systems.

Conclusion

Mastering Cypress is essential for anyone looking to excel in modern web automation testing. By familiarizing yourself with these common interview questions and their answers, you’ll be well-prepared to showcase your expertise and tackle any challenges that come your way.

Remember, practice makes perfect, so don’t hesitate to dive deeper into Cypress documentation and hands-on projects to further solidify your knowledge. With dedication and the right preparation, you’ll be well-positioned to impress interviewers and advance your career in web testing and development.